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The market for crack cocaine and cocaine is still present in the U.S., and there is a growing body of scientific literature on the health effects associated with different forms of cocaine use. The scientific evidence has raised new issues, questions, and controversies. While the source of cocaine use varies throughout the world, this article reviews the available epidemiology of crack cocaine use that exists in the U.S. There is little data on the prevalence of crack cocaine use; however, a former estimate in 1980 suggested a prevalence of 5-10% among crack cocaine users, and more recent data have suggested that crack cocaine is currently the dominant form of cocaine use in the United States [5].

Cocaine abuse is a major worldwide health problem. Patients with acute cocaine toxicity may require urgent treatment for tachycardia, dysrhythmia, hypertension, and coronary vasospasm in order to prevent pathological sequelae such as acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and death. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of cocaine toxicity and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for affected patients.

When cocaine is snorted and when dissolved in water it promptly produces a white, almost odorless freebase; therefore, most people believe that cocaine is inhaled through the nose by snorting or sniffing a powdery substance. Its effects are most often associated with alertness, euphoria, and cocaine craving. A single dose of cocaine can last 8-12 hours, and the risk of long-term effects is increased due to a greater average dose. Because of its short half life, intravenous use of cocaine refers to a steeper, more intense, and faster-acting form of intoxication. Since tolerance develops readily to the subjective effects and to the adverse physical and psychological effects of cocaine, the risk of dependence is increased. In light of the abuse potential of cocaine and the increasing incidence of its use, criminalization of cocaine remains a popular policy designed to address the concerned public. However, the debate and differences in the community over an anti-tobacco crusader approach have caused significant discussion over cocaine and its classification. d2c66b5586